The exclamation point is used to make an emphatic statement, an outcry, or an ironic comment. Again: do not double punctuate! Two exclamation points are no stronger than one, and be careful to use exclamation points sparingly.
Example: Look out!

A question that is essentially an exclamation usually ends with an exclamation point.
Example: How could you possibly do that to me!

And exclamation point should be placed inside quotation marks, parentheses, or brackets, only when it is part of the quoted or parenthetical matter.
Examples: The woman exclaimed, “That car hit the tree!”
Jenny kept repeating, “I could have died!” throughout the whole questioning.

The question mark is used to ask a direct question, to indicate an editorial doubt, and to express surprise. Never double punctuate. Don’t use two question marks together or a question mark and an exclamation point.

Examples: When will Taylor’s car be ready?
The world population is estimated to be 7.029 billion? by the United States Census Bureau.
That is your answer?

A question mark is used within a sentence at the end of the direct question. If the question does not begin the sentence, it doesn’t need to start with a capital letter.
Example: The question, how long is this meeting going to last? was on everyone’s mind.

An indirect question never takes a question mark.
Example: He wondered if it was time to go home.

When a question within a sentence consists of a single word, such as who, when, how, or why, the question mark may be omitted, and the word is sometimes italicized.
Example: The question was no longer how but when.

A request disguised as a question does not require a question mark.
Example: Will the congregation please rise.

A colon is used to introduce an item in a series of items that describe or amplify what has preceded the colon. Example: Sarah’s exercise program involves three objects: a stationary bicycle, an exercise ball, and 2-pound weights.

The colon may be used instead of the period to introduce a series of related sentences.
Example: Karen was faced with a difficult choice: Should she tell her husband what happened to the car? Or should she remain silent and get it fixed herself?

Colons are also used in URLs, but no space precedes or follows a colon in this case.
Example: An excellent place to find many versions of the Bible is http://www.BibleGateway.com/.

When a colon is used within a sentence, the word following the colon is lowercased unless it is a proper name. When a colon introduces two or more sentences, a speech in dialogue, or a Bible verse, the first word following the colon is capitalized. Example:
Philippians 3:14 states: “I press on toward the goal to win the prize for which God has called me heavenward in Christ Jesus” (NIV).

The semicolon is stronger than a comma but weaker than a period. However, it can assume either role, although its function is usually closer to that of a period. Semicolons should be used sparingly since they often cause sentences to be long and cumbersome.

The most common use of a semicolon is between two independent clauses that are not joined by a conjunction. Example: The road was long; the road was dangerous.

A semicolon should precede adverbs such as then, however, thus, hence, indeed, besides, and therefore when it is use transitionally between two independent clauses.
Example: Richard is going to London; however, he doesn’t have his reservations yet.

When a semicolon is called for at the end of material enclosed in parentheses or brackets, the semicolon should follow the closing parenthesis or bracket. Example: She placed her manuscript in an envelope (her final draft); then, with relief, she sealed the envelope.